Glaucoma refers to a group of eye conditions that gradually damage the optic nerve, often due to elevated internal eye pressure. Because it commonly develops without symptoms, glaucoma has earned the nickname “the silent thief of sight.” Early detection is crucial to preserving vision.
Several factors raise the risk of developing glaucoma. These include being over age 40, having glaucoma in the family, belonging to certain ethnic groups such as African, Asian, or Hispanic descent, having conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure, or having thin corneas. Eye injuries, nearsightedness, migraines, and long term use of steroids may also increase risk.
Since glaucoma often shows no early warning signs, regular eye exams are the best defense. Health guidelines suggest comprehensive eye exams based on age. Every five to ten years before age 40, every two to four years between 40 and 54, every one to three years from 55 to 64, and every one to two years for those over 65. Individuals with higher risk may need more frequent screening.
While glaucoma cannot be fully prevented, its progression can be slowed with timely diagnosis and treatment. Eye drops, medications, laser therapy, and surgery help lower internal eye pressure and prevent further optic nerve damage. Proper use of prescribed treatments is vital to protect remaining vision.
Lifestyle habits can support glaucoma prevention and management. Regular moderate exercise such as walking may help lower eye pressure. A nutritious diet rich in leafy greens and protective eye nutrients contributes to overall eye health. It is also important to avoid eye injury by wearing protective eyewear, limit excessive caffeine intake, and avoid certain physical positions that raise pressure in the eyes.
In summary, glaucoma is a sight threatening condition that often progresses without warning. However, through awareness of personal risk factors, timely and regular eye exams, compliance with treatment, and healthy lifestyle choices, it is possible to slow its impact and protect long term vision.
